Biomimicry + Wearable Tech + Accessibility

Echolocate

A wearable glove that helps visually impaired people navigate indoor spaces safely and independently. Inspired by how bats and dolphins use echolocation, it translates distance into haptic vibration: the closer an obstacle, the stronger and faster the pulse. A proactive alternative to the cane.

CMU PathFinder · Team project · $20-25 per unit

Echolocate glove showing distance sensor and vibration motor

285 million people lack tools for independent indoor navigation

Visually impaired individuals face significant challenges navigating indoor spaces. Existing tools like canes and guide dogs are reactive, not proactive. They detect obstacles only on contact or at very short range. Less than 15% of buildings have any form of indoor navigation assistance.

01

Reactive, Not Proactive

Traditional tools like canes only detect obstacles on physical contact. There is no advance warning before collision, especially for objects at waist or head height.

02

Indoor Spaces Are Excluded

Less than 15% of buildings have indoor navigation tools. GPS does not work indoors, and most accessibility infrastructure focuses on outdoor mobility.

03

Not Designed for Independence

Indoor spaces are rarely designed with inclusive navigation in mind. Unfamiliar layouts, furniture rearrangement, and obstacles at varying heights create constant risk.

Inspired by the animal kingdom

Bats and dolphins navigate in complete darkness using echolocation: they emit signals, measure the return time, and build a spatial map. Echolocate applies the same principle to a wearable glove, translating ultrasonic distance measurements into intuitive haptic feedback.

How it works

An ultrasonic distance sensor embedded in the back of the glove continuously measures the distance to the nearest obstacle. The reading is processed by a microcontroller and mapped to a vibration motor on the opposite side of the glove.

As the user's hand approaches an object, the vibration intensity and pulse frequency increase proportionally. Far away: gentle, slow pulses. Close range: strong, rapid vibration. Direct contact range: continuous buzz. The feedback is immediate and intuitive, requiring no training to interpret.

The glove form factor was chosen deliberately. Hands are how people naturally explore and navigate space. The design is discreet, wearable, and does not restrict hand movement, unlike wrist-mounted or headband alternatives.

1

Sense

Ultrasonic sensor on the back of the glove emits a pulse and measures return time to calculate distance to the nearest object.

2

Process

Microcontroller maps the distance value to a vibration intensity and pulse frequency. Closer objects produce stronger, faster feedback.

3

Alert

Vibration motor on the palm side provides haptic feedback. The user feels the proximity of obstacles before touching them.

4

Navigate

The user sweeps their hand to scan the environment, building a spatial understanding through touch alone. No audio, no visual display.

Simple hardware, intuitive feedback

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Ultrasonic Distance Sensor

Mounted on the back of the glove. Emits ultrasonic pulses and measures the return time to calculate distance to the nearest obstacle with centimeter precision.

HC-SR042cm-400cm range
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Vibration Motor

Coin-type motor on the palm side. PWM-controlled intensity maps linearly to distance: closer objects produce stronger vibration. Pulse frequency also increases with proximity.

PWM ControlHaptic Feedback

Microcontroller

Processes sensor data and drives the motor in real time. Low power consumption for extended battery life. Simple firmware with distance-to-vibration mapping.

ArduinoLow Power
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Glove Form Factor

Fingerless leather glove chosen for comfort, dexterity, and discreet appearance. Components are flush-mounted and do not interfere with hand movement or grip.

WearableDiscreet$20-25

285 million people worldwide

👤

Blind and low-vision individuals

🧓

Elderly patients

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Patients with cognitive impairments

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Caregivers and families

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Public institutions and hospitals

Where this is going

01

AI Object Recognition

Integrating a small camera and edge AI to identify what the obstacle is, not just how far away it is. Audio feedback via bone conduction for object identification.

02

Rechargeable Battery

Replacing the continuous power source with a USB-C rechargeable battery. Target: 8+ hours of use on a single charge with a compact, lightweight cell.

03

Comfort and Sensitivity

Materials testing beyond the current leather glove. Exploring different vibration patterns (directional pulses) and softer, breathable fabrics for extended wear.

What went into building this

Biomimicry Wearable Design Ultrasonic Sensors Haptic Feedback Arduino PWM Motor Control Circuit Design CAD Modeling User-Centered Design Accessibility Prototyping Team Collaboration